No planet beyond Earth has been studied as intensely as Mars. Recorded observations of Mars date as far back as the era of ancient Egypt over 4,000 years ago, when they charted the planet's movements in the sky. Today, NASA has a fleet of robotic spacecraft study Mars from all angles.
- On the ground: NASA's next-generation Perseverance rover – the largest, most advanced rover NASA has sent to another world – touched down on Mars on Feb. 18, 2021. Two other NASA spacecraft already are at work on the surface. NASA's Curiosity rover is exploring Mount Sharp in Gale Crater. NASA's InSight, a stationary lander, is probing the interior of Mars from a site on a flat smooth plain called Elysium Planitia.
- In the air: The Ingenuity helicopter flew to Mars attached to the belly of Perseverance. On April 19, 2021, Ingenuity became the first aircraft in history to make a powered, controlled flight on another planet.
- In orbit: NASA has three spacecraft in orbit: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars Odyssey, and MAVEN.
- International missions: The Hope orbiter from the United Arab Emirates arrived at Mars on Feb. 9, 2021. China’s Tianwen-1 mission arrived on Feb. 10, 2021, and it includes an orbiter, a lander, and a rover. In May 2021, China became the second nation to ever land successfully on Mars when its Zhurong Mars rover touched down. ESA manages the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter and Mars Express missions. India's first Red Planet spacecraft – the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) – has been orbiting Mars since 2014.
"I've always gazed up at the stars and wondered what else is out in our solar system and beyond." "Enjoy every opportunity you have to learn and make it a point to be involved in the most challenging projects." I've been interested in space science for almost as long as I can remember. I grew up watching the various "Star Trek" series ("Next Gen" started when I was two-years old), and the idea of studying stars and planets grew from there. I decided that my dream was to work for NASA, even if there weren't any girls there yet. Someday there would be, and I was going to be one. "There is no substitute for persistence. You must get all the training you need, and you must do well at it... that's a given." "Be curious about everything -- take every opportunity that presents itself to learn new things." "The Ranger missions looked a lot more exciting to me than what I was doing at the time, and so I sent my resume off to JPL. I've been here ever since." "Many different technical and scientific skills are needed to plan and implement the planetary missions we work on." "Never stop learning -- this will leave your mind open and inquisitive. Curiosity is your best ally." "I've been paid to take pictures of Mars every day...I've watched rockets take off, and seen things I've built fly to other planets. How much more fun does one need?" "I would advise following the three "Ps:" Be Passionate. Be Patient. Be Perseverant!" Scientific curiosity should be like an itch—you can't sleep at night until you find the right answer. "Always try different things, and be open to an evolution of your interests." "So much of what I do is made possible by my curiosity and my passion for learning." "I pretty much came out of the womb knowing that I was interested in space science...it's either this or insanity." "It is never too late to discover your life's passion, and once you have made this discovery, it is never too soon to start pursuing it." "Work hard as an undergraduate, but don't restrict yourself to getting just a technical background." "Never turn down opportunities to learn new things. Always keep an open mind when someone gives you constructive criticism." Eric pioneered the use of stereo HDTV, IMAX, and digital cinema technology for the visualization of planetary surfaces and atmospheres. "Be resilient and persistent." "I strongly believe that for everyone there is a somewhere out there— a place and a job for them." "When we explore space, we are not leaving Earth behind; rather, we are also discovering more about ourselves and our home planet." Dr. David S. McKay, passed away peacefully on 20 February 2013. He was 77. "Training yourself to be an expert in a single technique can be risky because it can lead to becoming a one-trick pony." Bruce C. Murray, the fifth director of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, was born in New York City in 1931. "I am sure there are many just like me who felt this way while looking at the immenseness of space through clear and dark skies." "The great thing about being at NASA is that there are jobs for all types—whether it's engineering, science, finance, communication, law." "Geology was really cool to me, because I could go out into the field, look at the outcrop and try to figure out what was going on there." "Creating something and watching it take flight was the coolest thing I had ever seen." "The ability to reason through any issue, whether in science or in life, makes you a better scientist, engineer and citizen." "As funny as it sounds, NASA robots inspired me: Viking and Voyager." "There's no magic to becoming a planetary scientist or engineer -- just motivation, dedication and lots of teamwork." "Don't be too focused on one goal. I think so much of what makes a person unique is all the serendipitous opportunities that they pursue." "The sky is not the limit -- only the beginning." "I wanted to conquer space. And my roommate, Roy Walford, decided that he would conquer death. Together we would then conquer time."
Mars Explorers