Goals: Chandrayaan-1 is an Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) orbiter designed to test India's technological capabilities and return scientific information about the geological, mineralogical and topographical characteristics of the Moon. It also carried NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) instrument to the Moon.

Accomplishments: Despite loss of contact only a year into its planned two-year mission, Chandrayaan-1 played a key role in the groundbreaking 2009 discovery of water molecules on the Moon. Data from NASA's M3 instrument on Chandrayaan-1 was combined with observations made by Cassini and Deep Impact-EPOXI to confirm the discovery. The orbiter also successfully fired an impact probe into the Moon's south pole.